What Are Blue Supergiant Stars

There are many different types of stars that astronomers study. Some live long and prosper while others are born on the fast track. Those  live relatively short stellar lives and die explosive deaths after only a few tens of millions of years. Blue supergiants are among that second group. They are scattered across the night sky. For example, the bright star Rigel in Orion is one and there are collections of them at the hearts of massive star-forming regions such as the cluster R136 in the Large Magellanic Cloud.   Rigel, seen at the bottom right, in the constellation Orion the Hunter is a blue supergiant star. Luke Dodd/Science Photo Library/Getty Images What Makes a Blue Supergiant Star What it Is?   Blue supergiants are born massive. Think of them as the 800-pound gorillas of the stars. Most have at least ten times the mass of the Sun and many are even more massive behemoths. The most massive ones could make 100 Suns (or more!). A star that massive needs a lot of fuel to stay bright. For all stars, the primary nuclear fuel is hydrogen. When they run out of hydrogen, they start to use helium in their cores, which causes the star to burn hotter and brighter. The resulting heat and pressure in the core cause the star to swell up. At that point, the star is nearing the end of its life and will soon (on timescales of the universe anyway) experience a supernova event. A Deeper Look at the Astrophysics of a Blue Supergiant Thats the executive summary of a blue supergiant. Digging a little deeper into the science of such objects reveals a lot more detail. To understand them, its important to know the physics of how stars work. Thats a science called astrophysics.  It reveals that stars spend the vast majority of their lives in  a period defined as being on the main sequence. In this phase, stars convert hydrogen into helium in their cores through the nuclear fusion process known as the proton-proton chain. High-mass stars may also employ the carbon-nitrogen-oxygen (CNO) cycle to help drive the reactions. Once the hydrogen fuel is gone, however, the core of the star will rapidly collapse and heat up. This causes the outer lays of the star to expand outward due to the increased heat generated in the core.  For low- and medium-mass stars, that step causes them to evolve into  red giants, while high-mass stars become red supergiants. The constellation Orion holds the red supergiant star Betelgeuse (the red star in the upper left part of the constellation. It is due to explode as a supernova -- the end point of massive stars. Rogelio Bernal Andreo, CC By-SA.30 In high-mass stars, the cores begin to fuse helium into carbon and oxygen at a rapid rate. The surface of the star is red, which according to Wiens Law, is a direct result of a low surface temperature.  While the core of the star is very hot, the energy is spread out through the stars interior as well as its incredibly large surface area. As a result, the average surface temperature is only 3,500 - 4,500 Kelvin. As the star fuses heavier and heavier elements in its core, the fusion rate can vary wildly. At this point, the star can contract in on itself during periods of slow fusion, and then become a blue supergiant. Its not uncommon for such stars to oscillate between the red and blue supergiant stages before eventually going supernova. A Type II supernova event can occur during the red supergiant phase of evolution, but, it can qalso happen when a star evolves to become a blue supergiant. For example, Supernova 1987a in the Large Magellanic Cloud was the death of a blue supergiant. Properties of Blue Supergiants While red supergiants are the largest stars, each with a radius between 200 and 800 times the radius of our Sun, blue supergiants are decidedly smaller. Most are less than 25 solar radii. However, they have been found, in many cases, to be some of the most massive in the universe. (Its worth knowing that being massive isnt always the same as being large. Some of the most massive objects in the universe—black holes—are very, very small.)  Blue supergiants also have very fast, thin stellar winds blowing away into space.   The Death of Blue Supergiants As we mentioned above, supergiants will eventually die as supernovae.  When they do, the final stage of their evolution can be as a  neutron star (pulsar) or black hole. Supernova explosions also leave behind beautiful clouds of gas and dust, called supernova remnants. The best-known is the Crab Nebula, where a star exploded thousands of years ago. It became visible on Earth in the year 1054 and can still be seen today through a telescope.  Although the progenitor star of the Crab may not have been a blue supergiant, it illustrates the fate awaiting such stars as they near the ends of their lives. Hubble Space Telescope image of the Crab Nebula. NASA Edited and updated by  Carolyn Collins Petersen.

The Growth And The Complexity Of Thought Within Humans

There are a lot of characteristics that define â€Å"us† as humans. We have a larger brain, the ability to have and maintain a strong, straight posture for an extended amount of time, dexterous hands, the skill to use our facial muscles to our advantage in order to express our emotions, the potential to solve complex problems and relate with one another. Furthermore, what it means it means to be human stems from our greater social complexity, prolonged postnatal dependence, the command of symbolic language, and the strength humans possess in comparative and developmental psychology by being able to read, relate, and imagine the mind of others. We are very complex creatures. Specifically, this paper is going to focus on the growth and the complexity of thought within humans. Since humans had to adapt to the environmental difficulties of the time, their bodies, along with their brains started growing and evolving into a more complex machine. With this growth, human brains, were now able to process and store more information. This became especially useful when encountered in a dangerous and/or unfamiliar situation. An individual could learn and process what to do or what not to do and store this information then recall this information when found in a similar predicament. What I think is the most important adaptation from the course of human evolution that distinguishes us from other hominins and primates is complex thought. With complex thought, humans are able to do incredibleShow MoreRelatedCognitive PsychologyFINAL PAPER724 Words   |  3 PagesCesar Larios PSY 360 December 1, 2014 Terry Blackmon Cognitive Psychology Definition Paper The human mind is full of complexity, with it we have the ability to breath, have a heartbeat, and also process what we see around us. Many experts in the field of psychology had tried to explain the full complexity of our brain’s actions and thoughts. According to Galotti (2014), cognitive psychology studies our thoughts such as what we perceive, attend, remember, think, categorize reason, decide, and so forthRead MoreThe Myth Of The Ant Queen1357 Words   |  6 PagesWhile technology is commonly thought of as inventions and gadgets, anything that humans have developed for specific purposes or to accomplish certain goals, such as methods or models, must also be correctly categorized as such. In Cathy Davidson’s essay â€Å"Project Classroom Makeover,† she discusses a few unconventional forms of technology such as the educational classroom paradigm and standardization. Similarly, in Steve Johnson’s essay â€Å"The Myth of the Ant Queen,† he present s procedural technologyRead MoreThe First Article Is Chaos / Complexity Science And Second Language Acquisition1109 Words   |  5 Pagesarticle is Chaos/ complexity Science and Second Language Acquisition. The author indicates immediately the significant similarities between second language acquisition (SLA) and the new science of Chaos/complexity happening in nature, and she expresses her hope that learning about nonlinear systems will discourage reductionist form oversimplifying and explaining matters of interest to second language acquisition researchers. Feathers of Complex Nonlinear system: Chaos/complexity scientists studyRead MoreThe Critical Conversation Surrounding Kipling s Novel, The Prophet Of British Imperialism, By George Orwell1525 Words   |  7 Pagesconversation surrounding Kipling’s works tends to reduce their complexities to the single theme of imperialism. In doing so, the manifestation of his personhood is overlooked and ignored, creating an incomplete picture of Kipling and his beliefs. Though an advocate for imperialism and regarded by George Orwell as â€Å"the prophet of British Imperialism,† Kipling is unwillingly implicated within its rigid constructs (118). There is a unique complexity to Kipling’s works that stems from a psychological traumaRead More Freudian Psychoanalysis and the Awakening1002 Words   |  5 Pagesitself deeply into many facets of society. In fact, an American named Kate Chopin, wrote a book entitled The Awakening, which was published at the turn of the 19th century, in which this theory played an integ ral role in expressing the complexity, relevance, and growth of the main character. The express importance of the main character displaying a Freudian psych is pertinent even in the modern time because it allows us to view the application of his theories around the time of their conception, traceRead MoreThe Impact of Globalization on Leadership and Management Essay1067 Words   |  5 Pagesentire world their market and available customer base. In an attempt to remain competitive, increase revenue, production and services, organizations have expanded across the globe to tap into additional human resources. Therefore, these changes have impacted the roles of leaders and managers within these organizations. Due to globalization, the fabric of the American workplace had changed and will continue to change as long as organizations feel there is a need to expand services, increase revenueRead MoreHow Social Complexity Develop Through Consensus Or Conflict?1698 Words   |  7 PagesD id social complexity develop through consensus or conflict? In this essay I will be considering only but one of the many questions that archaeologists analyse when researching the human past. As the title suggests, did civilization, or, a term preferably used by scholars; social complexity, arise from a conflicted band of nomadic people or from a mutual consensus among them? As well as my own thought’s, I will be discussing the ideologies of a number of professionals, both in archaeology and socialRead MoreHow Technology Has Changed Our Lives1606 Words   |  7 Pageslimited resources and knowledge, communication between countries on the opposite end of the world was extremely slow or not possible. Most people did not know much about other lands, people, and cultures. What people thought they knew about the world was often wrong or inaccurate. However, within the past hundred years, the pace of our technology has accelerated rapidly. Nowadays traveling across the globe in less than 24 hours is not a dream anymore. Communications betwe en two distant individuals are onlyRead MoreSelf Determination Theory And Actualization Of Human Potential800 Words   |  4 Pagescalled Self-determination theory and actualization of human potential, by Deci, Ryan and Guay(2013) it was written that in order to become a fully functioning individual and have the ability to actualize human potential a number of things need to occur. One has to be able to experience the satisfaction of basic human psychological needs, be intrinsically motivated, be able to internalize extrinsic motivation and also be able to regulate emotions. Humans have a tendency to develop and grow naturally andRead MoreThe Theory Of Intervention Theory Essay1657 Words   |  7 Pagesthe brain. Since, certain regions of the brain play vital roles in language and literacy learning, damage to these regions may cause serious deficits in language. If a child suffers from a neurological problem, it is believed that the problem lies within the child (Nelson, 2010, pg . 58-59). This theory exemplifies Kathy’s language development because as mentioned in the case history, Kathy acquired a closed head injury at an early age when language development was still occurring. According to Rowe

How Does Global Economic Crisis Affect Imf Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 3031 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? The seeds of the current global financial crisis that we are in had been sown a long time before 2008 but the effects started showing from 2007. The crisis that made banks worldwide write down about $550 billion started from the major lending institutions in the United States. The problem was simple but it wasnt checked on time. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "How Does Global Economic Crisis Affect Imf Finance Essay" essay for you Create order Banks needed to be warned about the credit default swaps and make loans of larger quantity available to only borrowers who could afford to pay. (IMF Surveillance, 2010) The reason why that happened was simple too, no regulations and restrictions on the banks and the inability of the government to enforce rules that would be beneficial for the long term health of the country. The loans created a high for the country. Once these loans were available to borrowers with bad credit history, the prices of assets began to increase, the real estate market rose and the stock market advanced. The annual growth rate of the United States of America grew by leaps and bounds. If the United States government had not thought about the short term benefit that these loans would create and thought about the long term impact the impact wouldnt be too deep. In a sentence issued by the government, they state that In fact, we have seen a remarkable expansion of credit, especially in the United States, in parallel with a dramatic rise in securitized mortgages, especially after 2004. (IMF Surveillance, 2010) It was this securitization of assets that led to the downfall and the subprime mortgages. Loaning institutions did not understand the repercussions of the loans they made available in the market furthermore due to the complexity of these loans even the borrowers did not understand what they were entering into. (How Did the Global Financial Crisis Start? 2008) The first impact of the crisis began to show in 2007 April when the IMF warns financial institutions of weakening the global financial markets. Then the New Century financial corporation stops giving new loans. In June, two hedge funds of Bear Sterns collapse and warning bells start to ring. Then in February 2008, Fannie Mae reports a loss of $3.55 billion. Many other banks got into this huge problem and ran out of reserves and eventually were forced to take a bailout plan from the government in order to survive. (Chro nology, n.d.) German banks too, fell into this problem and needed bailout. Then in April, the IMF projected a $945 billion loss due to the global crisis. Throughout 2008, the crisis deepened and the true picture of the cause of the subprime loans came into view with Lehman brothers coming out with a $600 billion bankruptcy and many other leading financial institutions posting losses. AIG was given $85 billion as bailout and Washington mutual and Fannie and Freddie collapse. Banks were either planning a merger like Wachovia and Wells Fargo or getting a bailout or going bankrupt. (Shah, 2009) The total amount that the government gave in bailouts came up to $9.7 trillion and 33% of the value of the worlds companies were wiped out due to this crisis. Along with the global financial crisis came the food crisis hence the government not only needed to look out for that but other aspects as well. On a macro level all the countries in the world were affected due to the financial crisis and all the financial institutions needed help from the international financial institutions like the IMF to stabilize the economy. Role of the IMF in the current global financial crisis The international monetary fund (IMF) was created with the sole aim of balancing macro financial issues faced by countries worldwide. It works on the basis of loans provided to other countries in time of need. They have many types of loans for countries who need monetary help but since the last financial crisis a decade ago countries have built up foreign exchange reserve in order to avoid taking a loan from the IMF. This has reduced the role the IMF played and restricted its function to only giving advice on macroeconomic aspects. However as the developed countries faced liquidity problems they turned to the international financial institutions for help and the IMF to rescue them. (Shin Heath, 2009) The importance of the IMF increase and the role played by the institution became crucial for the world economies. IT was now the responsibility of the IMF to help member states to come out of the recession and possible depression. If the IMF would not have been there, countries wor ldwide would have to suffer enormous debts and depression. Swift action from all aspects needed to be taken by the IMF in terms of asking member countries to provide resources and foreign exchange for loans and providing these loans to countries that need them. Then, the IMF needs to supply information to countries on the verge of bankruptcy, way in which they can try and come out of the situation. The IMF also needs to handle the fiscal and monetary policy implementation by member states and as a control check if the member states are benefitting from them or they need other reforms. The IMF needs to develop a kind of early whistle blowing warming system so that these manmade calamities can be avoided. IMF and G20. (IMF Surveillance, 2010) The IMF needs to act like a global federal reserve and help countries in the process of recovery. The G 20 summit was held to discuss the effects of the financial crisis and how the member countries can fasten the recovery process. Since th e IMF was short of funds and SDR (Special Drawing Rights), member countries agreed to raise $250 billion to help other countries. The IMF was also asked to sell its gold deposits so that it could get more funds to provide loans. Agreements on how IMF could borrow from other member countries were set at the summit. Since it was the IMF responsibility to provide information on macroeconomic aspects, the member countries agreed to increase the research wing of the IMF. (IMF Surveillance, 2010) The G 20 came to the conclusion that the IMF needed to change the basic quotas and voting power from the traditional industrial countries to other countries as well since it is often treated as an underdog of the same. Hence as a result the IMF reduced the voting power of the previous members by 5% and gave the same to emerging nations. The IMF needed to work in collaboration with other international financial institutions like the World Bank and United Nations so that it could come up with be tter plans and policies. (IMF Surveillance, 2010) In 2009 the IMF decided that the NAB (New Arrangements to Borrowing) needed to be extended by $500 billion in order to help triple the funds available to the IMF in fighting the crisis. Since the IMF also needed to work on its pending reforms, it was agreed that changes in IMF procedures and investment standards would be changed with all possible haste so that the member countries would benefit from those changes in this time of crisis. (IMF Surveillance, 2010) Surveillance and Management One of the challenges faced by the IMF was its role as a surveillance officer. IMF has been criticized by member countries including China on the way it manages its surveillance. If the IMF had performed this role before, the financial crisis could have been evaded since it would be able to tell America to ensure strict credit rules however the IMF lacked in that aspects and therefore in the future in order to avoid such disasters, one of the first things the IMF needs to do is change its surveillance standards and technical knowhow. At the G 30 summit, the surveillance of the IMF came under the radar and ways to manage and monitor the countries were sought after. (IMF Surveillance, 2010; Kaufman et.al., 2000) Since all the countries that are members of the IMF needed to provide it with data regarding its financial, economic and other policies and situation, the IMF needed to review them thoroughly. Individual countries needed to be analyzed based not only by the report sent by these countries but also on the basis of analysis done by the IMF intelligence. Before the crisis, IMF did not evaluate individual countries hence problems started to show. It was concluded that once this evaluation would be done member countries could rely on the reports of the IMF to manage their country better hence surveillance would become the primary role of the IMF. (GuitiaÃÆ'ŒÂ n, 1992; Johnson Turner, 2003; Soederberg, 2004) According to the IEO report (Independent evaluation officer) the IMF was not as effective as it needed to be in both its analysis and advice, and its dialogues with member countries (Climate Investment Funds, 2010). The IMF needed to create more focus on multilateral issues and have better control over the exchange rate policies faced by the countries. The IEO asked IMF to study the relations of each member countries with the others and what effect would their foreign exchange policies changes would have on the others. This would help th em in predicting the future of the countries exchange reserves which is one of the vital signs of financial disasters. The IMF failed in its role to be a savior to the poor nations as they were the ones that got exploited the most due to its lack of surveillance. Unemployment increased and more and more countries came on the verge of bankruptcy. Hence multilateral surveillance especially exchange rate needed to be focused on. If these surveillances had been done correctly, the IMF would have known the extent of damage the crisis would cause and help take preventive and curative measures however the start of the analysis was faulty hence that needed work more than other aspects. The IMF knew in early 2008 that a crisis would be caused by the banks policies however even though it had all the data available, it was unable to correctly judge the extent of the loss. Hence as a gatekeeper it lacked focus. The IMF blames its lack of skilled staff as one of the reasons for failure. It ar gues that only 9 of the 24 staff members were effective in calling countries and asking them to manage their exchange rates better. Since the crisis had hit the United States, the IMF needed to call countries that had ties with it, and who would be impacted most due to the crisis and help them prepare. However, the IMF itself was unable to understand the situation which clearly showed missing standards for an international agency. (Yeung, 2002; Fratianni, Kirton Savona, 2003; Solomon, 2008) Now, the IMF needs to work on building up a good surveillance team and methods and models to understand the multilateral aspects. It needs to give monthly and annual reports to countries in a more precise manner and give information on how they would be affected by international developments and how they can safeguard themselves. This would be crucial in the future. For the current crisis, it still needs to help make the member countries find ways to escape the liquidity problem and rise from the catastrophe. (Climate Investment Funds, 2010; De International Center for Monetary and Banking Studies, 1999; Lynch, 2003) Lack of resources One of the reasons for the failure of the system and a challenge for the IMF is its lack of financial resources. If the IMF had more resources it would have better staffing and newer models to not only avert danger but also once the crisis occurred give better help. The lack of surveillance was the primary reason for inability to prevent crisis and the lack of resources the reason for untimely help. The IMF did not have money to lend to nations at the time of crisis. At the time of crisis the total funds that the IMF could lend amounted to $335 of which $228 were unusable. The total gold resources available were 3224 metric tons. There werent any reserves and only a little scope for gold sales in order to help nations pay loses of close to $1 trillion. The IMF would not be able to help America (the first one affected) if it had asked for help regarding loans. (Truman, 2010) This is shameful for the IMF since its sole purpose is to give loans to member countries at the time of ne ed. To overcome this challenge the member countries of G 20 and G 30 decided to increase resources. Main contributors remained Japan ($100 billion), China ($50 billion), America ($100 billion), Russia ($10 billion), Brazil ($10 billion) and UK ($15 billion). This money would help in the loan process and increase the chances of the IMF to resolve the disaster. The problem IMF was facing was the decrease in lending due to which it not gets interested payments to keep up operations would be resolved and IMF would be able to help other nations by providing loans and other options. More for developing countries The developing countries are the ones who were most incapable of handling the crisis and at the same time they were the ones who were affected the most due to close association with the United States. Their dependence on America caused them to lose millions of dollars. The IMF could not help the developing countries by providing loans and they had to beg their neighboring countries for help. Of the 185 member countries most are developing and there was greater need for developing their situation. More than help the developing countries did not have a say in the policies and procedures undertaken by the IMF. They did not have voting rights or majority of approval to pass agreements and this was a challenge for the IMF. America has most of the rights to vote(15%) and for any bill or agreement to be passed, America needs to have an affirmation on the same. (The Financial Crisis and Information Gaps, n.d.) Hence the IMF needs to increase communication with the developing nations, he lp them understand their situation in the crisis, give them loans at better rates that they are capable of paying and increasing their voting rights. The smaller economies need to be heard and paid attention to and at the same time they are the ones that need help the most. IMF needs to implement a change that suit the developing countries and help them revive their status again, after all that is the reason why the IMF was created to begin with. (Wood Carin, 2005; Rehman, 1998; Barry, 1999) Better models and policies The IMF needs to work on models that are most relevant to the crisis. They can compare the models used in the great depression and use the same thinking process and create new and better ways to come out of the liquidity shortage. It needs to do more research on the situation each country faces and give them more personal analysis on the macro as well as micro front. Certain developing countries do not have the resources to conduct these analysis hence it is not only a challenge but also a moral responsibility of the IMF to provide these analysis. (Siebert, Kiel Week Conference, Kiel Week Conference on the Worlds New Financial Landscape Kieler-Woche-Kongress, 2001) Change in core practices The fund needs to changes its practices from focusing on short term loans to long term ones since the long term loans provide more interest and help the fund finance itself. What IMF used to do was provide loans for balance of payment problems faced by countries hence the longest loans it would issue were for 3 years. The IMF has to change its function according to time and state of the world economies. If a country takes a short term loan in the current crisis it would have a negative impact not only for the country but also for the IMF. Hence the requirement now is to be able to provide long term loans to countries. If the IMF provides long term loans for more than 7 years then it would bring economic stability and attract investors towards IMF. The IMF also needs to regulate the loans and make periodic overviews of the short as well as long term macro economic conditions and loans issued. (Weiss, 2008; Knoop, 2010) Risk in financial sector The IMF needs to assess the risk in the financial sector and clearly communicate the information in to all member nations. All sectoral and other financial and economic datasets need to be shared with all nations so that they can be better prepared in any situation. (Hart Spero, 2010; Ronalds, 2010) Conclusion The IMF staff and the FSB secretariat coordinated closely throughout the crisis to make the economies more stable. With loans and other financial data the IMF played an important role in making the crisis last much shorter. This kind of financial crisis was similar to the time of the great depression and the economy took a decade to recover however it was with the help of the IMF that nations could count on a speedy recovery. The crisis is not over yet and the IMF still needs to do a lot of analysis and research to find better ways in which economies can protect themselves. The crisis was like a challenge since the IMF was not prepared for it to such a large extent. The fund had no idea it would grow that large in size and it become a problem to all nations. Even more challenging was the fact that IMF did not have the monetary resources to provide capital to these nations in need. Post the G20 and G 30 summit the IMF could handle the crisis better with the skill in management and c apital contributed by members. There are many challenges that the IMF is currently facing like the lack of monitoring practices, long term loan development, elevation of poverty and more representation of developing nations. IMF lacked surveillance and at the same time it did not communicate correctly the economic data with other nations. IMF needs to assess all these factors carefully as well as cautiously and takes steps to avoid them as fast as possible. If the IMF was better prepared for these challenges then it would not have affected nations worldwide however it did overcome most of its difficulties and to a large extent helped nations in coming out of depression and recession.

The Effect of Technology on Globalization - 1890 Words

There has been a great deal of discussion in recent years about globalization, its impact has been both praised and criticized. Globalization is defined as the process enabling financial and investment markets to operate internationally, largely as a result of deregulation and improved communications. I believe the technological advances have had a positive impact on globalization. The use of cellular/mobile phones and the internet have allowed easier access to conduct business anywhere in the world. Evidence of globalization can be seen in our everyday lives. Technology in many ways is the driving force because it is probably the most obvious aspect of globalization. Advances in communication technology have changed how business is†¦show more content†¦Additionally, the Internet has benefited the world by connecting users to billions of pieces of information from universities, libraries and databases around the world. No matter where you are in the world as long as you have internet access you can learn anything you need to know about a topic in a matter of minutes. My work on this argument is an example of how the internet is beneficial to all who use it. Without access to the internet, this would have been much more labor intensive. It would have required many evenings away from home spent in a library doing research. Instead, I was able to do all of my research from work and home, which allowed for less time away from my son. The other growing technological trend that is growing is cell phone use. It too allows people to access information from around the world with ease. Whether you are calling another country or surfing the web, information that would normally require a trip to the library can now be accessed on your cell phone. Depending on the phones style and capabilities, it can be used just as easily as a laptop computer. Most youth today have a cell phone so teachers across the U.S. have started using cell phones in the classroom. They are seen as an important tool that helps them to connect everyday life and learning. A Spanish teacher in Wisconsin gives oral quizzes via cell phone. Another in Michigan hasShow MoreRelatedGlobalization And Its Effect On Society1240 Words   |  5 PagesGlobalization and the use of new technologies and how it strengthens or weakens global inequalities Globalization is a very important force in the new world and it continues to impact the lives of individuals as well as groups world over. The role and affect of globalization has broadened over time. It has resulted in the lessening of trade barriers, integration of the economy of the world, increase in opportunities for groups and individuals alike and an increase in the economic well being andRead MoreGlobalization : The World Of Politics And The Human Population1648 Words   |  7 PagesGlobalization influences many aspects of human life, it is a process of change, the process of collaboration and integration among the people and businesses of different nations, it is a process propelled by trade, investment and technology. The process of globalization has great purpose for bring people together and sharing ideas however, it has effects on the environment, culture, the economy, politics and the human population (Globalization 101). Globalization has effected the environment dueR ead MoreAdvantages and Disadvantages of Global Integration1476 Words   |  6 PagesAND DISADVANTAGES Globalization is the process by which different societies, cultures, and regional economies integrate through a worldwide network of political ideas through transportation, communication, and trade. Generally, globalization has affected many nations in various ways; economically, politically, and socially. It is a term that refers to the fast integration and interdependence of various nations, which shapes the world affairs on a global level. Globalization has affected the productsRead MoreThe Many Benefits of Globalization Essays1009 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"Globalization is not just one impact of the new technologies that are reshaping the economies of the third millennium† (Thurow 19-31). When speaking of globalization, most people will not have a complete understanding as of what it actually means or what aspects of the world it affects. Globalization promotes free trade and creates jobs. The capital markets attract investors, resort cheap labor, and leads to job losses in some areas of higher wage. While all of this is happening, the world economyRead MoreInternational Technological University ( Itu )1265 Words   |  6 PagesSTUDENT NAME: Manoj Duraiswamy STUDENT NUMBER: 86018 International Technological University (ITU) EM 900-3 / Engineering Management I Quiz 1 TOPICS COVERED: What is Engineering Management? / Globalization / Disruptive Technology The Strategic Use of IT to Obtain Competitive Advantage November 15, 2014 Instructor: Tom Tafolla, J.D. INSTRUCTIONS: 1. Anyone caught cheating, by any means, will automatically receive an â€Å"F† grade and will be reported to the ITU Academic Integrity CommitteeRead MoreEffects of Globalization: Globalization and the Effects on the United States Economy1713 Words   |  7 PagesGlobalization has affected every aspect of the business community in one way or another. Globalization in a simple sense is a business’s movement from one country to another. This is done for a number of reasons; amount of readily available resources, labor market, increased number of customers, and to ultimately become more profitable. There is a decisive advantage for a business to move overseas, but there are a number of drawbacks globalization creates on the local economy. When businessesRead MoreGlobalization Essay1402 Words   |  6 PagesA case for globalization Globalization is an inescapable factor in the global economy today. Its effects can be felt throughout the world in industrialized and developing nations alike. The â€Å"process of globalization is so pervasive that it affects all businesses,† (Lawrence Weber, 2014, p. 71). The benefits of globalization are apparent to organizations and nations such as reduction in poverty and benefits to consumers. But globalization must be properly balanced with a covential pledge to careRead MorePositive Effects Of Globalization1361 Words   |  6 Pages Economic globalization refers to the â€Å"increasing interdependence of world economies† (Shangquan, 2000), as a result of free movement of goods, services, technology, capital, and information between countries and across borders. It is one of the three main areas of globalization; economic globalization moves at an increasingly fast pace as movement across borders progresses. While economic globalization has had many benefits a nd positive effects on both developed and under developed countries, itRead MoreGlobalization And Its Effects On Society1011 Words   |  5 Pagesinteracted and integrated with each other. This is called globalization. Globalization has reformed almost every industry and affects billions of lives whether you realize it or not. Around the world, people view international trade as a good thing but this is hindered by concerns about its side effects. To find the balance between pros and cons associated with globalization, citizens everywhere need to know how globalization works. This includes its effects on the environment, culture, political systems,Read MoreTheorizing globalization (Doughlas Kellner) Essay693 Words   |  3 Pageshopes to understand globalization as a dialectic between the progressive and emancipatory features and negative attributes.   His articulation of globalization also recognizes that change in globalized systems is not only imposed from above but can also be contested and reconfigured from below.   Taking all of these elements into account, Keller argues for an understanding of globalization that moves beyond technological and economic optics toward an understanding of globalization as an ambiguous, contradictory

Marketing Segmentation Free Essays

S NO. | NAME OF PRODUCT| MARKET SEGMENTATION| 1. | Gillette Mach 3(New Gillette MACH3 Sensitive is an advanced razor designed for men who want a closer, comfortable shave with less irritation3 – even on the most sensitive areas of the face. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Segmentation or any similar topic only for you Order Now )| a) Demographic: 1) Gender: Male 2) Age: 16 and above 3) Income: 25,000 and aboveb) Geographic: Urban areasc) Social Class: Middle class to Elite Class| 2. | Fair and Lovely(Fairness that changes your destiny. )| a) Demographic: 1) Gender: Female 2) Age: 15 and above 3) Income: 20,000 and aboveb) Geographic: Urban areasc) Social Class: Middle class| 3. Faber Castell Colors(Faber-Castell has a time honored commitment to tradition, quality, and innovation for all of its brands. )| a) Demographic: 1) Gender: Unisex 2) Age: 3 years and above 3) Income: 25,000 and above 4) Occupation consume: Studentsb) Geographic: Urban areasc) Social Class: Elite class| 4. | Honda CG 125(Honda Motorcycles is defined by Quality, Performance, Speed, Economy Petrol and Re-sale Value. All these have managed to successfully bag your trust on the New Honda CG125. | a) Demographic: 1) Gender: Male 2) Age: 18 and above 3) Income: 50,000 and above 4) Occupation: Work with frequent ridingb) Geographic: Urban a nd Rural areasc) Social Class: Middle (Urban) Elite (Rural)| 5. | Colgate Toothpaste(Strengthens teeth with active fluoride. Fights cavities and leaves your mouth with a fresh feeling. )| a) Demographic: 1) Gender: Unisex 2) Age: 3 years and above 3) Income: 25,000 and aboveb) Geographic: Urban and Ruralc) Social Class: Middle to Elite class| How to cite Marketing Segmentation, Essay examples Marketing segmentation Free Essays a. The process of dividing the total market in to several heterogeneous groups. b. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing segmentation or any similar topic only for you Order Now The process of bringing several small, unreachable segments into a definable market segment. c. An attempt to reach all consumers with a single marketing mix. d. Practiced by both profit-oriented and not-for-profit organizations Market segmentation is the process in marketing of dividing a market into distinct subsets (segments) that behave in the same way or have similar needs. Because each segment is fairly homogeneous in their needs and attitudes, they are likely to respond similarly to a given marketing strategy. That is, they are likely to have similar feelings and ideas about a marketing mix comprised of a given product or service, sold at a given price, distributed in a certain way, and promoted in a certain way. Broadly, markets can be divided according to a number of general criteria, such as by industry or public versus private sector. Small segments are often termed niche markets or specialty markets. However, all segments fall into either consumer or industrial markets. Although it has similar objectives and it overlaps with consumer markets in many ways, the process of Industrial market segmentation is quite different. The process of segmentation is distinct from targeting (choosing which segments to address) and positioning (designing an appropriate marketing mix for each segment). The overall intent is to identify groups of similar customers and potential customers; to prioritise the groups to address; to understand their behaviour; and to respond with appropriate marketing strategies that satisfy the different preferences of each chosen segment. Revenues are thus improved. Improved segmentation can lead to significantly improved marketing effectiveness. With the right segmentation, the right lists can be purchased, advertising results can be improved and customer satisfaction can be increased.    How to cite Marketing segmentation, Essay examples Marketing Segmentation Free Essays Marketing segmentation Market segmentation is the process of dividing the market into dissimilar, distinctive groups of people who have similar needs to be satisfied, alike wants and behavior, or might want some products and services. Markets can be divided depending on a number of wide –ranging criteria. They are: geographic (region, county, climate etc. We will write a custom essay sample on Marketing Segmentation or any similar topic only for you Order Now ), demographic (age, gender, family size, religion) psychographic (personality, life style, attitude etc. ) behavioral (benefit sought, brand loyalty, decision making until etc. According to Philip Kotler, â€Å"Market Segmentation is the subdividing of market into homogeneous sub-set of customers, where any subset may conceivably be selected as market target to be reached with distinct Marketing Mix. One of the brands that will be is Nike. In terms of marketing it’s really unique. Its products designed for men, women, and children of all ages. Nike does not sell only athletic shoes, but huge number of sporting goods. It cooperates with independent distributors, has contracts with 110 countries all over the world, also with Internet companies and hi-tech such as Apple computers. According to demographic segmentation, Nike’s target market shoes are persons between 18 and 35 years old. Generally Nike produces products for all markets, which grew up enough to be profitable. With development of children and women sports, new products were eventually developed. Nike gives out one new shoes style almost everyday. But there is an issue – company faces to decreasing brand-loyalty. Most people start preferring to buy cheaper shoe and clothing brands. For these reasons its marketing campaign are now making emphasis on the point that a shoe of a higher quality with a good brand name worth money spent still a cheaper shoe are poorer quality and will be wore out more quickly. Another world’s largest major sport clothing producer is Adidas Group, which has legacy of producing some of the highest quality original sport equipment. Just like Nike, Adidas manufactures sport goods for both professional and general public. Products promotes to both males and females of age around0 15-25 years old. Nike and Adidas are world leaders in sports apparel market, thus are major rivals in this field. However, their strategies are alike. Adidas is also cooperates with retailers all over the world, so that their outlets can be presented in world’s largest cities. Now, one of Adidas target markets are Asia and Latin America, where the company is trying to establish itself as a leader. In that promotional campaign Adidas addressing to people of different ages with particular interests in sport, active healthy life, persons who are brand loyal and prefer expensiveness and a high quality to short-living products. Another one, even the most interesting company is well-known Apple. Apple segments its market by geography, with operating segments of the America, Europe, Japan, Asia-Pacific and retailers. The Americas segment is comprised of both North and South America. Europe includes all European countries as well as Middle East and Africa. The Asia-Pacific segment includes Australia and Asian countries (not Japan), and lastly, the retail segment with stores in 12 countries, including the USA. The basis of their success is found in Apple’s segmentation strategies – they have segmented their products by creating for each use case and sold them at the right price for only the most profitable market segments. Also, they identified segments that are willing to pay more the specifics, which Apple provides: the user experience, the quality of their product. By the way, what is very important, they ignore prospect that are not willing to their price. Once Steve Jobs was asked about bring out netbook for $300, he replied â€Å"Never. I just do not know how to make a quality product at that price†. Apple makes quality products for customers who are willing to pay more. The Apple’s and even world’s most popular product is an iPhone which is considered not only as a phone, smart-tool, but either as a fashion accessory. The handheld device was introduced to the American consumer on January, 2007 and made available on June 29 the same year through ATT cellular provider. Initially it was only available on signing 1 or 2 year contract. The same approach is decided to make everywhere where Apple has decided to make the iPhone available. Apple has taken marketing challenge strategy attacking the market leaders Blackberry, Palm and Nokia. It has launched an attack right after the announcement of the iPhone in Steve Jobs’ keynote speech in 2007’s MacWorld. On the other hand, Apple has always a customer-centered orientation spotting the growing market for smartphones. It’s segmentation market: 1)Geographic. Officially, Apple iPhone is sold only in most profitable markets, which generates the highest value of revenue. They are: United States, most part of Western Europe, Asia-Pacific. Here, in Kazakhstan approximately every third smartphone is an iPhone, still officially we will not see it soon due to low population level. )Demographic. For example, factory unlocked (free-sim) iPhone costs a person from approximately $600 what is quite expensive, however, Apple gives a chance to own modern smartphone even for â€Å"low income customers† selling them with contract, which implies that you pay around $100 for the phone itself, and pay a fixed price for calls around $30 on a monthly basis for two years. With the appearance of new iPhone, the old one is still in the Apple store, furthermore, they are available for free with contract option. As a business strategy, market segmentation is one of the most powerful weapon. Segmentation is not only for huge corporations like Apple, Nike or Adidas. It’s still important for all â€Å"size† and types of business. When companies look carefully at their byers’ use cases, record the outcomes they wish to achieve and define the segments that represent the best business opportunities, then they orient their products and services to serve these market segments better than anyone else. They can then optimize their prices to capture the maximum of these buyers’ willingness to pay, to serve them better than anyone else in their market. How to cite Marketing Segmentation, Essay examples

Understanding Ones Culture Essay Example For Students

Understanding Ones Culture Essay Because of its history as a growing populated area of the Pacific, American Samoa has provided a huge experiment in multicultural understanding not only in the Pacific but also worldwide. Settlers from literally every neighboring Pacific Islanders as well as settlers from all around the continent have joined this countrys indigenous inhabitants. These days, American Samoa is said that it would be a melting ice where diverse cultures would mingle and lose their distinctness as they came together, Instead, though cultures have mixed here, they have never melted. Some have been strengthen in their distinctiveness. So, instead of a melting ice , we could see American Samoa as a kind of tile mosaic. On its useful surface, the bright focus of each culture contributes to a pattern in which all elements work together. It appears that this is how cultures work all over the world. They have a power in themselves, which resists dilution and homogenization. This power is based on the close relationship between the cultures and their members. In this identity lies strength; this strength is the reason we should celebrate, rather than challenge, diversity of culture in every group and individual. Culture is adaptive, integrated, and always changing. It shares these characteristics with organic life. In other words, with systems oriented towards survival. Customs that diminish the survival chances of a given society are not likely to persist. Those which enhance survival chances of a given society are not likely to customs are tried and honed as aids to survival, the mechanisms of human understanding move them constantly into integration with other facets of society. Thus change occurs in culture in an organic way. Humanities and its Cultural Explanation The humanities are involved in cultural understanding in ways with roots as deep as humankind. The mental capacity of humans today connects us absolutely with the mental capacities of our remotest ancestors. We share not only our ability to think and reason, but also the capacity for aesthetic and moral sensibilities. The humanities, the storehouse of values and traditions that form the foundation of society, work to make clear these shared capacities, these shared understandings. The humanities, in effect, help us to understand other cultures, including the cultures of the past. They do this by showing the shared intellectual and artistic heritage with which people of all cultures have made sense of the world. For that is indeed what human beings do in culture. They make particular kinds of sense of the world, and they share it through expressive forms, for enjoyment as well as for survival. A good name by which the humanities operate is expressive culture. Expressive culture is the communication of ideas and feelings about the world through an artistic medium. Whatever the form, painting, sculpture, dance, music, or folklore. Its intention is communication. Expressing ourselves culturally is part of what makes us human beings. Immensely flexible, ever changing and vital to the continuation of self and society. Expressive